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documentation: dev-manual - Removed all trailing whitespace.
(From yocto-docs rev: d117584a589460412a7fc4df15512b0d9c9448c7) Signed-off-by: Scott Rifenbark <scott.m.rifenbark@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Richard Purdie <richard.purdie@linuxfoundation.org>
This commit is contained in:
Scott Rifenbark
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Richard Purdie
Richard Purdie
parent
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commit
72d01bf43d
@@ -7,16 +7,16 @@
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<title>Kernel Modification Example</title>
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<para>
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Kernel modification involves changing or adding configurations to an existing kernel,
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changing or adding recipes to the kernel that are needed to support specific hardware features,
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or even altering the source code itself.
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This appendix presents simple examples that modify the kernel source code,
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Kernel modification involves changing or adding configurations to an existing kernel,
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changing or adding recipes to the kernel that are needed to support specific hardware features,
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or even altering the source code itself.
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This appendix presents simple examples that modify the kernel source code,
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change the kernel configuration, and add a kernel source recipe.
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<note>
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You can use the <filename>yocto-kernel</filename> script
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found in the <link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
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under <filename>scripts</filename> to manage kernel patches and configuration.
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See the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#managing-kernel-patches-and-config-items-with-yocto-kernel'>Managing kernel Patches and Config Items with yocto-kernel</ulink>"
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See the "<ulink url='&YOCTO_DOCS_BSP_URL;#managing-kernel-patches-and-config-items-with-yocto-kernel'>Managing kernel Patches and Config Items with yocto-kernel</ulink>"
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section in the Yocto Project Board Support Packages (BSP) Developer's Guide for
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more information.</note>
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</para>
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@@ -25,87 +25,87 @@
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<title>Modifying the Kernel Source Code</title>
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<para>
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This example adds some simple QEMU emulator console output at boot time by
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This example adds some simple QEMU emulator console output at boot time by
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adding <filename>printk</filename> statements to the kernel's
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<filename>calibrate.c</filename> source code file.
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Booting the modified image causes the added messages to appear on the emulator's
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console.
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</para>
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</para>
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<section id='understanding-the-files-you-need'>
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<title>Understanding the Files You Need</title>
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<para>
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Before you modify the kernel, you need to know what Git repositories and file
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Before you modify the kernel, you need to know what Git repositories and file
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structures you need.
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Briefly, you need the following:
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Briefly, you need the following:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>A local
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<link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> for the
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<listitem><para>A local
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<link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> for the
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poky Git repository</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Local copies of the
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<link linkend='poky-extras-repo'><filename>poky-extras</filename></link>
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Git repository placed within the Source Directory.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>A bare clone of the
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<link linkend='local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</link> upstream Git
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Git repository placed within the Source Directory.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>A bare clone of the
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<link linkend='local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</link> upstream Git
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repository to which you want to push your modifications.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>A copy of that bare clone in which you make your source
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<listitem><para>A copy of that bare clone in which you make your source
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modifications</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</para>
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<para>
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The following figure summarizes these four areas.
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Within each rectangular that represents a data structure, a
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host development directory pathname appears at the
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lower left-hand corner of the box.
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<para>
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The following figure summarizes these four areas.
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Within each rectangular that represents a data structure, a
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host development directory pathname appears at the
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lower left-hand corner of the box.
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These pathnames are the locations used in this example.
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The figure also provides key statements and commands used during the kernel
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modification process:
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</para>
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<para>
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<imagedata fileref="figures/kernel-example-repos-generic.png" width="7in" depth="5in"
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<imagedata fileref="figures/kernel-example-repos-generic.png" width="7in" depth="5in"
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align="center" scale="100" />
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</para>
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<para>
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Here is a brief description of the four areas:
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Local Source Directory:</emphasis>
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This area contains all the metadata that supports building images
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Local Source Directory:</emphasis>
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This area contains all the metadata that supports building images
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using the OpenEmbedded build system.
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In this example, the
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<link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> also
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contains the
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<link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>,
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which contains the configuration directory
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In this example, the
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<link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link> also
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contains the
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<link linkend='build-directory'>Build Directory</link>,
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which contains the configuration directory
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that lets you control the build.
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Also in this example, the Source Directory contains local copies of the
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Also in this example, the Source Directory contains local copies of the
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<filename>poky-extras</filename> Git repository.</para>
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<para>See the bulleted item
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"<link linkend='local-yp-release'>Yocto Project Release</link>"
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for information on how to get these files on your local system.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Local copies of the <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git Repository:</emphasis>
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This area contains the <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer,
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Local copies of the <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git Repository:</emphasis>
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This area contains the <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer,
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which is where you make changes that append the kernel build recipes.
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You edit <filename>.bbappend</filename> files to locate your
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You edit <filename>.bbappend</filename> files to locate your
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local kernel source files and to identify the kernel being built.
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This Git repository is a gathering place for extensions to the Yocto Project
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(or really any) kernel recipes that faciliate the creation and development
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of kernel features, BSPs or configurations.</para>
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<para>See the bulleted item
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"<link linkend='poky-extras-repo'>The
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<filename>poky-extras</filename> Git Repository</link>"
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for information on how to get these files.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Bare Clone of the Yocto Project kernel:</emphasis>
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This bare Git repository tracks the upstream Git repository of the Linux
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"<link linkend='poky-extras-repo'>The
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<filename>poky-extras</filename> Git Repository</link>"
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for information on how to get these files.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Bare Clone of the Yocto Project kernel:</emphasis>
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This bare Git repository tracks the upstream Git repository of the Linux
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Yocto kernel source code you are changing.
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When you modify the kernel you must work through a bare clone.
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All source code changes you make to the kernel must be committed and
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All source code changes you make to the kernel must be committed and
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pushed to the bare clone using Git commands.
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As mentioned, the <filename>.bbappend</filename> file in the
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As mentioned, the <filename>.bbappend</filename> file in the
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<filename>poky-extras</filename> repository points to the bare clone
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so that the build process can locate the locally changed source files.</para>
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<para>See the bulleted item
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@@ -113,16 +113,16 @@
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for information on how to set up the bare clone.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Copy of the Yocto Project Kernel Bare Clone:</emphasis>
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This Git repository contains the actual source files that you modify.
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This Git repository contains the actual source files that you modify.
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Any changes you make to files in this location need to ultimately be pushed
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to the bare clone using the <filename>git push</filename> command.</para>
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<para>See the bulleted item
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"<link linkend='local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</link>"
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for information on how to set up the bare clone.
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<note>Typically, Git workflows follow a scheme where changes made to a local area
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<note>Typically, Git workflows follow a scheme where changes made to a local area
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are pulled into a Git repository.
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However, because the <filename>git pull</filename> command does not work
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with bare clones, this workflow pushes changes to the
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However, because the <filename>git pull</filename> command does not work
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with bare clones, this workflow pushes changes to the
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repository even though you could use other more complicated methods to
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get changes into the bare clone.</note>
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</para></listitem>
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@@ -134,11 +134,11 @@
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<title>Setting Up the Local Source Directory</title>
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<para>
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You can set up the
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You can set up the
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<link linkend='source-directory'>Source Directory</link>
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through tarball extraction or by
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cloning the <filename>poky</filename> Git repository.
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This example uses <filename>poky</filename> as the root directory of the
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through tarball extraction or by
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cloning the <filename>poky</filename> Git repository.
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This example uses <filename>poky</filename> as the root directory of the
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local Source Directory.
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See the bulleted item
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"<link linkend='local-yp-release'>Yocto Project Release</link>"
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@@ -146,17 +146,17 @@
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</para>
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<para>
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Once you have Source Directory set up,
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you have many development branches from which you can work.
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From inside the local repository you can see the branch names and the tag names used
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Once you have Source Directory set up,
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you have many development branches from which you can work.
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From inside the local repository you can see the branch names and the tag names used
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in the upstream Git repository by using either of the following commands:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ cd poky
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$ git branch -a
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$ git tag -l
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</literallayout>
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This example uses the Yocto Project &DISTRO; Release code named "&DISTRO_NAME;",
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which maps to the <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename> branch in the repository.
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</literallayout>
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This example uses the Yocto Project &DISTRO; Release code named "&DISTRO_NAME;",
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which maps to the <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename> branch in the repository.
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The following commands create and checkout the local <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename>
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branch:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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@@ -171,20 +171,20 @@
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<title>Setting Up the Local poky-extras Git Repository</title>
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<para>
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This example creates a local copy of the <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git
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This example creates a local copy of the <filename>poky-extras</filename> Git
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repository inside the <filename>poky</filename> Source Directory.
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See the bulleted item "<link linkend='poky-extras-repo'>The
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<filename>poky-extras</filename> Git Repository</link>"
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See the bulleted item "<link linkend='poky-extras-repo'>The
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<filename>poky-extras</filename> Git Repository</link>"
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for information on how to set up a local copy of the
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<filename>poky-extras</filename> repository.
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</para>
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<para>
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Because this example uses the Yocto Project &DISTRO; Release code
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named "&DISTRO_NAME;", which maps to the <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename>
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branch in the repository, you need to be sure you are using that
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Because this example uses the Yocto Project &DISTRO; Release code
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named "&DISTRO_NAME;", which maps to the <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename>
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branch in the repository, you need to be sure you are using that
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branch for <filename>poky-extras</filename>.
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The following commands create and checkout the local
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The following commands create and checkout the local
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branch you are using for the <filename>&DISTRO_NAME;</filename>
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branch:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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@@ -201,25 +201,25 @@
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<para>
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This example modifies the <filename>linux-yocto-3.4</filename> kernel.
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Thus, you need to create a bare clone of that kernel and then make a copy of the
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Thus, you need to create a bare clone of that kernel and then make a copy of the
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bare clone.
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See the bulleted item
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"<link linkend='local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</link>"
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"<link linkend='local-kernel-files'>Yocto Project Kernel</link>"
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for information on how to do that.
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</para>
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<para>
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The bare clone exists for the kernel build tools and simply as the receiving end
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The bare clone exists for the kernel build tools and simply as the receiving end
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of <filename>git push</filename>
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commands after you make edits and commits inside the copy of the clone.
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The copy (<filename>my-linux-yocto-3.4-work</filename> in this example) has to have
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The copy (<filename>my-linux-yocto-3.4-work</filename> in this example) has to have
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a local branch created and checked out for your work.
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This example uses <filename>common-pc-base</filename> as the local branch.
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The following commands create and checkout the branch:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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$ cd ~/my-linux-yocto-3.4-work
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$ git checkout -b standard-common-pc-base origin/standard/common-pc/base
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Branch standard-common-pc-base set up to track remote branch
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Branch standard-common-pc-base set up to track remote branch
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standard/common-pc/base from origin.
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Switched to a new branch 'standard-common-pc-base'
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</literallayout>
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@@ -230,22 +230,22 @@
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<title>Building and Booting the Default QEMU Kernel Image</title>
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<para>
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Before we make changes to the kernel source files, this example first builds the
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Before we make changes to the kernel source files, this example first builds the
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default image and then boots it inside the QEMU emulator.
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<note>
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Because a full build can take hours, you should check two variables in the
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<filename>build</filename> directory that is created after you source the
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Because a full build can take hours, you should check two variables in the
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<filename>build</filename> directory that is created after you source the
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<filename>&OE_INIT_FILE;</filename> script.
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You can find these variables
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<filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename> and <filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename>
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in the <filename>build/conf</filename> directory in the
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in the <filename>build/conf</filename> directory in the
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<filename>local.conf</filename> configuration file.
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By default, these variables are commented out.
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If your host development system supports multi-core and multi-thread capabilities,
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you can uncomment these statements and set the variables to significantly shorten
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the full build time.
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As a guideline, set both <filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename> and
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<filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename> to twice the number
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As a guideline, set both <filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename> and
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<filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename> to twice the number
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of cores your machine supports.
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</note>
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The following two commands <filename>source</filename> the build environment setup script
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@@ -255,9 +255,9 @@
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$ cd ~/poky
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$ source &OE_INIT_FILE;
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You had no conf/local.conf file. This configuration file has therefore been
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created for you with some default values. You may wish to edit it to use a
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different MACHINE (target hardware) or enable parallel build options to take
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advantage of multiple cores for example. See the file for more information as
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created for you with some default values. You may wish to edit it to use a
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different MACHINE (target hardware) or enable parallel build options to take
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advantage of multiple cores for example. See the file for more information as
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common configuration options are commented.
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The Yocto Project has extensive documentation about OE including a reference manual
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@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@
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before starting the build.</note>
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</para>
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<para>
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<para>
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After the build completes, you can start the QEMU emulator using the resulting image
|
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<filename>qemux86</filename> as follows:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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@@ -317,9 +317,9 @@
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As the image boots in the emulator, console message and status output appears
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across the terminal window.
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Because the output scrolls by quickly, it is difficult to read.
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To examine the output, you log into the system using the
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To examine the output, you log into the system using the
|
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login <filename>root</filename> with no password.
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Once you are logged in, issue the following command to scroll through the
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Once you are logged in, issue the following command to scroll through the
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console output:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
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# dmesg | less
|
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@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@
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</para>
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<para>
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Here is the altered code showing five new <filename>printk</filename> statements
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Here is the altered code showing five new <filename>printk</filename> statements
|
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near the top of the function:
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<literallayout class='monospaced'>
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void __cpuinit calibrate_delay(void)
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@@ -392,9 +392,9 @@
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</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Once the source code has been modified, you need to use Git to push the changes to
|
||||
the bare clone.
|
||||
If you do not push the changes, then the OpenEmbedded build system will not pick
|
||||
Once the source code has been modified, you need to use Git to push the changes to
|
||||
the bare clone.
|
||||
If you do not push the changes, then the OpenEmbedded build system will not pick
|
||||
up the changed source files.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
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@@ -411,43 +411,43 @@
|
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|
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<para>
|
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At this point, the source has been changed and pushed.
|
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The example now defines some variables used by the OpenEmbedded build system
|
||||
The example now defines some variables used by the OpenEmbedded build system
|
||||
to locate your kernel source.
|
||||
You essentially need to identify where to find the kernel recipe and the changed source code.
|
||||
You also need to be sure some basic configurations are in place that identify the
|
||||
You also need to be sure some basic configurations are in place that identify the
|
||||
type of machine you are building and to help speed up the build should your host support
|
||||
multiple-core and thread capabilities.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Do the following to make sure the build parameters are set up for the example.
|
||||
Once you set up these build parameters, they do not have to change unless you
|
||||
Once you set up these build parameters, they do not have to change unless you
|
||||
change the target architecture of the machine you are building or you move
|
||||
the bare clone, copy of the clone, or the <filename>poky-extras</filename> repository:
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Build for the Correct Target Architecture:</emphasis> The
|
||||
<filename>local.conf</filename> file in the build directory defines the build's
|
||||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Build for the Correct Target Architecture:</emphasis> The
|
||||
<filename>local.conf</filename> file in the build directory defines the build's
|
||||
target architecture.
|
||||
By default, <filename>MACHINE</filename> is set to
|
||||
<filename>qemux86</filename>, which specifies a 32-bit
|
||||
<trademark class='registered'>Intel</trademark> Architecture
|
||||
target machine suitable for the QEMU emulator.
|
||||
By default, <filename>MACHINE</filename> is set to
|
||||
<filename>qemux86</filename>, which specifies a 32-bit
|
||||
<trademark class='registered'>Intel</trademark> Architecture
|
||||
target machine suitable for the QEMU emulator.
|
||||
In this example, <filename>MACHINE</filename> is correctly configured.
|
||||
</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Optimize Build Time:</emphasis> Also in the
|
||||
<filename>local.conf</filename> file are two variables that can speed your
|
||||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Optimize Build Time:</emphasis> Also in the
|
||||
<filename>local.conf</filename> file are two variables that can speed your
|
||||
build time if your host supports multi-core and multi-thread capabilities:
|
||||
<filename>BB_NUMBER_THREADS</filename> and <filename>PARALLEL_MAKE</filename>.
|
||||
If the host system has multiple cores then you can optimize build time
|
||||
by setting both these variables to twice the number of
|
||||
If the host system has multiple cores then you can optimize build time
|
||||
by setting both these variables to twice the number of
|
||||
cores.</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Identify Your <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename>
|
||||
Layer:</emphasis> The <filename>BBLAYERS</filename> variable in the
|
||||
<filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file found in the
|
||||
Layer:</emphasis> The <filename>BBLAYERS</filename> variable in the
|
||||
<filename>bblayers.conf</filename> file found in the
|
||||
<filename>poky/build/conf</filename> directory needs to have the path to your local
|
||||
<filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer.
|
||||
By default, the <filename>BBLAYERS</filename> variable contains paths to
|
||||
<filename>meta</filename> and <filename>meta-yocto</filename> in the
|
||||
<filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer.
|
||||
By default, the <filename>BBLAYERS</filename> variable contains paths to
|
||||
<filename>meta</filename> and <filename>meta-yocto</filename> in the
|
||||
<filename>poky</filename> Git repository.
|
||||
Add the path to your <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> location.
|
||||
Be sure to substitute your user information in the statement.
|
||||
@@ -460,14 +460,14 @@
|
||||
/home/scottrif/poky/poky-extras/meta-kernel-dev \
|
||||
"
|
||||
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Identify Your Source Files:</emphasis> In the
|
||||
<filename>linux-yocto_3.4.bbappend</filename> file located in the
|
||||
<listitem><para><emphasis>Identify Your Source Files:</emphasis> In the
|
||||
<filename>linux-yocto_3.4.bbappend</filename> file located in the
|
||||
<filename>poky-extras/meta-kernel-dev/recipes-kernel/linux</filename>
|
||||
directory, you need to identify the location of the
|
||||
directory, you need to identify the location of the
|
||||
local source code, which in this example is the bare clone named
|
||||
<filename>linux-yocto-3.4.git</filename>.
|
||||
To do this, set the <filename>KSRC_linux_yocto</filename> variable to point to your
|
||||
local <filename>linux-yocto-3.4.git</filename> Git repository by adding the
|
||||
local <filename>linux-yocto-3.4.git</filename> Git repository by adding the
|
||||
following statement.
|
||||
Also, be sure the <filename>SRC_URI</filename> variable is pointing to
|
||||
your kernel source files by removing the comment.
|
||||
@@ -480,20 +480,20 @@
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<note>
|
||||
<para>Before attempting to build the modified kernel, there is one more set of changes you
|
||||
<para>Before attempting to build the modified kernel, there is one more set of changes you
|
||||
need to make in the <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer.
|
||||
Because all the kernel <filename>.bbappend</filename> files are parsed during the
|
||||
build process regardless of whether you are using them or not, you should either
|
||||
comment out the <filename>COMPATIBLE_MACHINE</filename> statements in all
|
||||
unused <filename>.bbappend</filename> files, or simply remove (or rename) all the files
|
||||
except the one your are using for the build
|
||||
Because all the kernel <filename>.bbappend</filename> files are parsed during the
|
||||
build process regardless of whether you are using them or not, you should either
|
||||
comment out the <filename>COMPATIBLE_MACHINE</filename> statements in all
|
||||
unused <filename>.bbappend</filename> files, or simply remove (or rename) all the files
|
||||
except the one your are using for the build
|
||||
(i.e. <filename>linux-yocto_3.4.bbappend</filename> in this example).</para>
|
||||
<para>If you do not make one of these two adjustments, your machine will be compatible
|
||||
with all the kernel recipes in the <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer.
|
||||
with all the kernel recipes in the <filename>meta-kernel-dev</filename> layer.
|
||||
When your machine is comapatible with all the kernel recipes, the build attempts
|
||||
to build all kernels in the layer.
|
||||
You could end up with build errors blocking your work.</para>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</note>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section id='building-and-booting-the-modified-qemu-kernel-image'>
|
||||
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@
|
||||
$ source &OE_INIT_FILE;
|
||||
</literallayout>
|
||||
</para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Be sure old images are cleaned out by running the
|
||||
<listitem><para>Be sure old images are cleaned out by running the
|
||||
<filename>cleanall</filename> BitBake task as follows from your build directory:
|
||||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||||
$ bitbake -c cleanall linux-yocto
|
||||
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@
|
||||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||||
$ bitbake -k core-image-minimal
|
||||
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
||||
<listitem><para>Finally, boot the modified image in the QEMU emulator
|
||||
<listitem><para>Finally, boot the modified image in the QEMU emulator
|
||||
using this command:
|
||||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||||
$ runqemu qemux86
|
||||
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Log into the machine using <filename>root</filename> with no password and then
|
||||
Log into the machine using <filename>root</filename> with no password and then
|
||||
use the following shell command to scroll through the console's boot output.
|
||||
<literallayout class='monospaced'>
|
||||
# dmesg | less
|
||||
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You should see the results of your <filename>printk</filename> statements
|
||||
You should see the results of your <filename>printk</filename> statements
|
||||
as part of the output.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</section>
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user