diff --git a/meta/lib/oe/spdx30_tasks.py b/meta/lib/oe/spdx30_tasks.py
index b43d626df3..0e9c6faf5c 100644
--- a/meta/lib/oe/spdx30_tasks.py
+++ b/meta/lib/oe/spdx30_tasks.py
@@ -517,9 +517,7 @@ def create_spdx(d):
     build_objset.set_is_native(is_native)
 
     for var in (d.getVar("SPDX_CUSTOM_ANNOTATION_VARS") or "").split():
-        new_annotation(
-            d,
-            build_objset,
+        build_objset.new_annotation(
             build,
             "%s=%s" % (var, d.getVar(var)),
             oe.spdx30.AnnotationType.other,
diff --git a/meta/lib/oeqa/selftest/cases/spdx.py b/meta/lib/oeqa/selftest/cases/spdx.py
index 3373988ca4..5f75b07725 100644
--- a/meta/lib/oeqa/selftest/cases/spdx.py
+++ b/meta/lib/oeqa/selftest/cases/spdx.py
@@ -343,3 +343,77 @@ class SPDX30Check(SPDX3CheckBase, OESelftestTestCase):
                 value, ["enabled", "disabled"],
                 f"Unexpected PACKAGECONFIG value '{value}' for {key}"
             )
+
+    def test_custom_annotation_vars(self):
+        """
+        Test that SPDX_CUSTOM_ANNOTATION_VARS properly creates annotations
+        without runtime errors. This is a regression test for the bug where
+        new_annotation() was called as a standalone function instead of as
+        a method on build_objset, causing a NameError.
+
+        The test verifies:
+        1. The build completes successfully (no NameError)
+        2. Each configured annotation variable appears exactly once
+        3. The annotation values match the configured variables
+
+        We check for exact equality (not >=) to prevent regressions where
+        one annotation might appear multiple times while another is missing.
+        """
+        ANNOTATION_VAR1 = "TestAnnotation1"
+        ANNOTATION_VAR2 = "TestAnnotation2"
+
+        # This will fail with NameError if new_annotation() is called incorrectly
+        objset = self.check_recipe_spdx(
+            "base-files",
+            "{DEPLOY_DIR_SPDX}/{MACHINE_ARCH}/recipes/recipe-base-files.spdx.json",
+            extraconf=textwrap.dedent(
+                f"""\
+                ANNOTATION1 = "{ANNOTATION_VAR1}"
+                ANNOTATION2 = "{ANNOTATION_VAR2}"
+                SPDX_CUSTOM_ANNOTATION_VARS = "ANNOTATION1 ANNOTATION2"
+                """
+            ),
+        )
+
+        # If we got here, the build succeeded (no NameError)
+        # Now verify the annotations were actually created
+
+        # Find the build element
+        build = None
+        for o in objset.foreach_type(oe.spdx30.build_Build):
+            build = o
+            break
+
+        self.assertIsNotNone(build, "Unable to find Build element")
+
+        # Find annotation objects that reference our build
+        found_annotations = []
+        for obj in objset.objects:  # <-- Remove parentheses
+            if isinstance(obj, oe.spdx30.Annotation):
+                if hasattr(obj, "subject") and build._id == obj.subject._id:
+                    found_annotations.append(obj)
+
+        # Check each annotation separately to ensure exactly one occurrence of each
+        annotation1_count = 0
+        annotation2_count = 0
+
+        for annotation in found_annotations:
+            if hasattr(annotation, "statement"):
+                if f"ANNOTATION1={ANNOTATION_VAR1}" in annotation.statement:
+                    annotation1_count += 1
+                    self.logger.info(f"Found ANNOTATION1: {annotation.statement}")
+                if f"ANNOTATION2={ANNOTATION_VAR2}" in annotation.statement:
+                    annotation2_count += 1
+                    self.logger.info(f"Found ANNOTATION2: {annotation.statement}")
+
+        # Each annotation should appear exactly once
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotation1_count,
+            1,
+            f"Expected exactly 1 occurrence of ANNOTATION1, found {annotation1_count}",
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            annotation2_count,
+            1,
+            f"Expected exactly 1 occurrence of ANNOTATION2, found {annotation2_count}",
+        )